HIL Simulation of a Tram Regenerative Braking System

Regenerative braking systems are an efficient way to increase the energy efficiency of electric rail vehicles. During development phase, testing a regenerative system in vehicle is costly and potentially dangerous. For this reason, Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation useful technique conduct system’s real time where physical parts replaced by models. This paper presents HIL tram performed on scaled model. First, offline simulations using measured speed profile order validate tram, supercapacitor, power grid model, as well control algorithm. The results then verified real-time which emulated three-phase converter LiFePO4 batteries. flow algorithm controls enables within system. simulated system, making it applicable for implementation vehicle.